Trpno stanje (pasiv)
subjekat + pomoćni glagol "to be" + particip prošli glavnog glagola
Trpno stanje (pasiv) mogu imati samo prelazni glagoli, tj. takvi koji uz sebe mogu imati objekat.
Pasiv pokazuje da subjekat ne vrši radnju, već da se radnja vrši na subjektu:
The road has been repaired. (put je popravljen)
Pasivni oblici se grade tako što se uzme ono vrijeme glagola "to be" koje nam je potrebno i doda se particip prošli glagola kojeg mijenjamo. To znači, da se pasivni prezent gradi od prezenta glagola "to be" i participa prošlog glagola koji mijenjamo.
Aktivnu rečenicu možemo pretvoriti u pasivnu ako se glagol stavi u trpno stanje, subjekat aktivne rečenice postaje objekat pasivne, i ispred njega se stavlja predlog "by":
A: Everybody drinks water. (svi piju vodu)
P: Water is drunk by everybody. (voda se pije od svih)
| subjekat | glagol | objekat | |
| aktiv | Everybody | drinks | water |
| pasiv | Water | is drunk | by everybody. |
A: I wrote this letter. (ja sam napisao ovo pismo)
P: This letter was written by me. (pismo je napisano od mene)
Neprelazni glagoli mogu postati prelazni ako im se doda prijedlog.
Trpno stanje se upotrebljava mnogo češće u engleskom jeziku nego u našem, koristi se:
- kada subjekat koji vrši radnju nije poznat:
My car has been stollen. (ukraden mi je auto)
She was given a nice birthday present. (dobila je lep poklon za roĎendan)
- ako se ne želi pomenuti vršilac radnje:
I have been told that you are engaged. (rečeno mi je da ste se vjerili)
She was said to have left her husband. (priča se da je ostavila svog muža)
- ako nije potrebno pomenuti vršioca radnje jer to proizilazi iz konteksta (smisla) rečenice ili nije bitno za smisao da mora biti pomenut:
Mistakes are always made. (greške se uvijek prave)
- ako je subjekat pasivne rečenice važniji od vršioca radnje:
The "Tower" was written by Meša Selimović. (Roman "Tvrđava" je napisana od strane Meše Selimovića)
The boy was punished by his father. (dečko je kažnjen od svog oca)
Aleksa was attended by his sister during his illness. (Aleksu je njegova sestra njegovala za vrijeme bolesti)
Bezlični oblici u našem jeziku kao što su "kaže se", "razumije se", "podrazumijeva se" u engleskom jeziku se iskazuju u trećem licu jednine srednjeg roda:
it is understood (razume se, podrazumeva se)
that is known (to se zna)
it is said (priča se)
Konjugacija pasiva u većini mogućih vremena:
| infinitiv | to be called | |
| simple |
present past future conditional |
it is called it was called it will be called it would be called |
| continous |
present past future conditional |
it is being called it was being called it will be being called it would be being called |
| perfect simple |
present past future conditional |
it has been called it has been called it will have been called it would have been called |
| perfect continous |
present past future conditional |
it has been being called it had been being called it will have been being called it would have been being called |
